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BismiLLehi Er-Rahmâni Er-Rahîm

Comprendre et percevoir le sens réel du Fiqh El-Wâqi’ – qui fait référence auprès de ceux qui l’emploient, à une jurisprudence spécifique à la réalité ou à une jurisprudence contextuelle qui prend la réalité de la situation des gens et autre. Et qui peut ainsi légitimer auprès de certaines personnes des avis basés uniquement sur le contexte, ou selon leur terme, contextualisation des références islamiques, qui donne le plus souvent des avis contradictoires au Coran et à la Sounnah. Dans ce sens, la question qui se pose à notre SHeikh Sâlih Âl-SHeikh est quel est le sens véritable du Fiqh El-Wâqi’ et son origine à la base ?

SHeikh Sâlih Âl-SHeikh (qu’Allâh le préserve) a répondu à la question en expliquant que premièrement : la combinaison linguistique de « Fiqh ul-Wâqi’ » véhicule deux termes : « Fiqh » [jurisprudence] et « El-Wâqi’ » [du réel ou de la réalité]. Et l’ensemble de ces deux termes était utilisé chez les pieux prédécesseurs – ils employaient ainsi le terme « fiqh » comme le terme « El-Wâqi’ ». Mais la compréhension qu’ils avaient de « El-Wâqi’ » était une compréhension différente de ce qui est entendu dans cette combinaison des termes. El-Wâqi’ : est ce qui se produit parmi les nouveautés et affaires des gens. Et SHeikh (qu’Allâh le préserve) nous explique que les anciens n’ont pas utilisé cette combinaison et que celle-ci n’existait pas dans cette formulation chez eux. Et ils ne faisaient donc pas de liaison comme cela avec le « fiqh » et « El-Wâqi », et ils ne disaient pas : « Fiqh El-Wâqi’ ». Mais ils disaient plutôt : Fiqh El-Kitâb, Fiqh Es-Sounnah et d’autres termes similaires tel que « Fiqh El-Akbar » qui fait référence à la Croyance. Quant au Fiqh El-Wâqi’, cela n’a pas été mentionné de leur part. Après avoir détaillé la compréhension de la combinaison de ces deux termes, nous savons désormais que cela n’était pas une chose employée par les anciens, si ce n’est l’utilisation de ces deux termes de manière indépendante. Vu que cela n’a pas été de la sorte auprès des anciens, la chose est-elle identique auprès des gens de science ? Et bien les gens de science pensent également qu’il n’y a pas de Fiqh El-Wâqi’ au sens propre du terme. Cependant, El-Wâqi’ est pris en compte. Le Moufti comme le gouvernant ne donne pas d’avis et ne juge pas sur une affaire liée à la Législation avant de connaître la situation réelle de celui qui pose la question.

Lorsque que la personne est interrogée sur une chose, il ne lui est pas permis d’émettre un avis ou de juger sans étudier la situation de la personne. C’est la raison pour laquelle il est rapporté dans certaines questions du livre de l’Unicité que l’Imâm de la Da’wah (SHeikh Mouhammad Ibn ‘Abdel-Wahhâb) – rahimahouALLÂH – a dit : « Sur cela, les Compagnons ont compris la situation réelle. » Ce qui veut dire qu’ils connaissaient la réalité de la situation des gens dans leurs interrogations. Ils n’étaient pas interrogés sur une affaire sans qu’ils ne connaissent ce que les gens voulaient de cela. [1]

[1] Charh Massâ-îl El-Djâhiliyyah du SHeikh Sâlih Âl-SHeikh, p.80
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